This post was written by Renee Buskirk, PhD, PPG – Pain Management, Parkview Health.
Forgetfulness is normal for everyone now and then, but when concentration and memory problems become more frequent, it can raise concerns about the cause and course. What may surprise many is the significant role chronic pain plays in inhibiting one's cognitive function. In this post, we'll examine the relationship between pain and memory and explore options for managing both.
Understanding memory challenges
As many as two-thirds of people with chronic pain struggle with remembering. Attention, short-term or working memory, and information retrieval are most affected.
In general, factors that can impact any individual's ability to focus and recall include:
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Disrupted sleep patterns
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Various medications
Living with chronic pain often intensifies these challenges and further exacerbates cognitive decline.
In its simplest form, pain is a distraction that diverts attention away from the things one wants or needs to focus on and remember. When individuals dwell on their pain, they are unable to shift their thoughts elsewhere and recall simple details like where they put their car keys, what they need from the grocery store, or if and when they took their medications.
How pain alters the brain
Inside the brain, pain reduces grey matter, which is responsible for memory and other cognitive functions such as attention and information processing.
Patients with chronic pain lose grey matter at a rate comparable to the amount lost within 10-20 years of normal aging. The longer pain persists, the more grey matter is lost, making it increasingly difficult to focus on tasks, process information, think clearly and remember things.
This phenomenon, often referred to as brain fog, is a source of incredible frustration and worry for patients and their loved ones. Fortunately, patients can regain grey matter with proper pain management.
Reversing the effects of pain
When chronic pain is better managed, the memory loss trend starts to reverse and return toward baseline. However, treatment for pain can introduce new challenges. Medications like opioids, while effective for fast-acting relief, can worsen memory. This added risk requires a comprehensive pain management plan to prevent further cognitive decline.
There are various research-based, best-practice treatments for managing chronic pain that combine pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies. These can include medication and pain interventional treatments, physical therapy, and psychological or psychoeducational strategies.
In particular, pain psychologists commonly use cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to help patients manage the stress and emotional turmoil caused by their pain. This therapy can help with thought reframing and building a healthier and more helpful mindset.
Although individuals living with chronic pain are at an increased risk for experiencing cognitive issues that impair recall and focus, everyone can benefit from taking better care of their minds.
Here are some practical lifestyle habits that can minimize memory loss and improve cognitive function:
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Manage stress - Reducing stress through techniques like mindfulness or relaxation exercises lessens its negative impact on cognitive function.
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Prioritize sleep - Ensuring adequate sleep allows the brain to heal and restore overall cognitive performance.
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Stay active - Regular physical activity increases blood flow to the brain and supports neuroplasticity, improving memory retention and overall brain health.
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Engage in new activities - Pursuing hobbies and learning new skills stimulates the brain and enhances problem-solving abilities.
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Maintain social connections - Regular social interactions strengthen cognitive function by encouraging communication and fostering mental engagement.
Final thoughts
Individuals who experience chronic pain and notice unusual changes in memory should speak with their primary care physician for specific recommendations. If a more specialized approach is needed, a referral to visit a PPG – Pain Management specialist may be beneficial to address pain and its associated problems, such as stress, sleep disruption, mood changes and memory issues.
To establish care with a PPG – Internal Medicine provider, schedule online or call our 24/7 scheduling center at 877-774-8632.
