This post was written by Tamara Troutt, PA, PPG – Family Medicine.
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness that usually affects infants and young children. However, it can occur in older children and adults. While it’s generally not serious, HFMD can be uncomfortable for those affected and concerning for parents. In this post, we review the symptoms, treatment options and how to prevent the spread of the virus.
What is Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease?
HFMD is caused by several types of viruses, most commonly the coxsackievirus. The virus is highly contagious, particularly for the first seven days, though it can be transmitted for several weeks after the symptoms resolve.
The virus is spread through close personal contact, coughing and sneezing, or contact with contaminated surfaces or objects.
Symptoms of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
The virus primarily affects the throat, mouth, hands, feet and sometimes the buttocks. Specifically, it will present as:
- Fever – HFMD often starts with a fever, usually between 101-103° F
- Sore throat or discomfort while swallowing
- Mouth sores – Small blisters or ulcers may develop inside or outside the mouth and/or on the tongue, gums or throat
- Skin rash – A rash with red spots or bumps may appear on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet and/or buttocks
- Joint aches
- Malaise
Treatment options for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
The good news is that this illness is self-limiting and usually resolves in 5 to 7 days without medical treatment. However, it can be uncomfortable, especially for your children.
While there is no specific treatment for HFMD, managing symptoms and preventing dehydration are key. Try these strategies for resolving discomfort:
- Pain relief – Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help with discomfort and reduce fever. (Learn about proper dosage here.)
- Fluid intake – Encourage plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration, especially if mouth sores make swallowing difficult.
- Topical relief – Rinsing with warm salt water or topical numbing agents may provide some relief for mouth pain.
- Rest – Ensure adequate rest to help the body fight off the infection.
Preventing Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
Preventing the spread of this virus is crucial, especially in daycare centers and schools. You can protect your child by practicing:
- Hand hygiene – Wash hands frequently with soap and water, especially after using the toilet, changing diapers or coming into contact with saliva.
- Disinfection – Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces and objects.
- Avoid close contact – Limit close contact with the infected individual and avoid sharing utensils, cups or food with them.
- Stay home – If you or your child is diagnosed with HFMD, avoid public places until the fever has resolved and the mouth sores have healed.
By practicing good hygiene, managing symptoms and taking preventive measures, you can help limit the spread of HFMD and keep our communities healthy. If you suspect you or your child has HFMD, talk to your primary care provider or pediatrician for guidance on managing the illness.
