A kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is a type of urinary tract infection. UTI is an umbrella term for bacteria-induced illnesses in any part of the renal system, including the bladder, kidneys, ureters and urethra. This common outpatient ailment can quickly spread to adjacent organs, resulting in severe to life-threatening illnesses if left untreated. To help you better understand kidney infections, we'll examine how they develop, the symptoms to watch for and ways to treat and avoid them.
What is a kidney infection?
A kidney infection occurs when bacteria travel from the bladder up the urinary tract and into the bean-shaped organs. It can also happen when bacteria in the bloodstream enter the kidneys. Several factors can increase the risk of developing a kidney infection, including:
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Urinary blockages caused by kidney stones, enlarged prostate or a narrowed urethra
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Weakened immune system related to conditions like diabetes, HIV or chemotherapy
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The use of urinary catheters
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History of frequent UTIs
Symptoms
Kidney infection symptoms may resemble a bladder infection, but often vary in severity. Individuals experiencing a kidney infection may notice:
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A burning feeling or pain when urinating
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Having to urinate often or a strong and lasting urge to urinate
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Pain in the flank, located below the rib cage and above the waist, on either side of the back
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Fever
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Nausea and vomiting
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Pus or blood in the urine
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Urine that smells bad or is cloudy
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Stomach pain
Treatment
The typical treatment for kidney infections is oral antibiotics, but severe cases may require a short hospital stay and intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Most individuals feel better within a few days and fully recover within about two weeks.
If untreated, the infection may damage the kidneys or spread to the bloodstream, leading to urosepsis, which occurs when the body has a life-threatening response to an infection. Early intervention is critical for young children, older adults and those with weakened immune systems.
Seek immediate medical care if symptoms worsen or fail to improve.
How can you care for a kidney infection?
Managing a kidney infection can be challenging, but some things can help alleviate discomfort. Consider the following tips:
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Take antibiotics as directed. Complete the entire course of antibiotics even if symptoms appear to improve.
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Drink plenty of water. Staying hydrated may help wash out bacteria that are causing the infection. Individuals who have kidney, heart or liver disease and must limit fluids, should consult their primary care physician before increasing fluid intake.
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Urinate often. Try to empty your bladder each time.
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Relieve pain. Take a hot shower or lay a heating pad (set on low) over your lower belly. Never sleep with a heating pad in place. Instead, put a thin cloth between the heating pad and your skin.
To help prevent kidney infections
Preventing kidney infections is often a matter of keeping up with good urinary health and overall well-being. Here are some strategies that can help lessen the risk of developing a kidney infection:
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Get enough fluids. Dehydration can contribute to the development of UTIs, which can lead to kidney damage if not treated quickly.
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Urinate when the urge arises. It’s also helpful to use the bathroom before going to sleep.
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Address bladder infections early. At the first sign of a bladder infection, seek medical attention to treat the problem before it worsens.
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Maintain hygiene. Men should keep the tip of the penis clean. Women are more prone to kidney infections than men due to their shorter urethra, which makes it easier for bacteria to travel from the bladder to the kidneys. Women can reduce their risk by:
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Urinating after sexual activity
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Frequently changing sanitary pads
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Avoiding feminine hygiene products containing deodorants
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Wiping from front to back after using the bathroom
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Remember, maintaining overall wellness is essential for lowering the risk of infection. Eating a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity and managing stress contributes to strengthening the body’s natural defenses.
Learn more
If you have questions about kidney infections, urinary tract health or any concerns related to the renal system, Parkview Urology can help. To make an appointment with one of our specialists, please call 260-425-5400.
